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THE FIRST 100 DAYS · POLICY MAP

A different view of the first 100 days.

Explore each person’s published policy record through personal and economic freedom. Choose a person to read all of their First 100 Days articles.

131 people · 148 articles · One live roster

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Beyond 100 Days: compare governance & policy effects ↗

Explore the policy map in 3D. Drag to rotate, choose Pan to move the chart, and scroll or pinch to zoom. Select a marker for the assessment and source articles.

100%

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Loading the interactive 3D chart… Every assessment is available below.

Gold points have evidence on both axes. Grey points sit in a separate evidence-needed area. Lines connect spaced markers to their actual scores; spacing has no political meaning. Every marker has the same height: depth is presentation only, with no third political axis. Top view makes the two-axis positions easier to compare. Scores describe the published record, not a complete political philosophy.

The people behind the points

131 of 131 people

Liberal1 article

Adam Schiff ↗

U.S. Senator — California

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; limits on surveillance and protection of private records. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Alan Armstrong ↗

U.S. Senator — Oklahoma

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Alex Padilla ↗

U.S. Senator — California

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal7 articles

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez ↗

U.S. Representative — New York’s 14th District; Bronx & Queens, New York City, New York

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 7 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Her official policy page records support for the Women’s Health Protection Act and repealing the Hyde Amendment.
    Primary record ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: more public provision of services; state-directed industrial investment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Amy Klobuchar ↗

U.S. Senator — Minnesota

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Andy Ellis ↗

Grassroots democracy organizer — Baltimore, Maryland

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: limits on corporate subsidies; limits on selective corporate subsidies. Indicators of more state control: more controls on private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Andy Kim ↗

U.S. Senator — New Jersey

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Angela Alsobrooks ↗

U.S. Senator — Maryland

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower tariffs and fewer trade barriers. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Angus King ↗

U.S. Senator — Maine

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: lower tariffs and fewer trade barriers. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Anthony Aguilar ↗

Retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: speech and protest protections; less restrictive peaceful immigration; limits on immigration detention and protection of lawful status. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: more public provision of services. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Anthony Hudson ↗

Truck driver & small trucking business owner — Grand Blanc Township, Michigan

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: limits on government surveillance; less restrictive civilian firearm ownership. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Arshia Papari ↗

Student & community organizer — University of Texas at Austin, Texas

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: speech and protest protections; criminal-justice reform and limits on punishment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: public provision of housing. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Ashley Moody ↗

U.S. Senator — Florida

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Ben Ray Luján ↗

U.S. Senator — New Mexico

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Bernie Moreno ↗

U.S. Senator — Ohio

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal2 articles

Bernie Sanders ↗

U.S. Senator — Vermont

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 2 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; less restrictive peaceful immigration; limits on immigration detention and protection of lawful status. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; more public provision of services; higher or more redistributive taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Bill Cassidy ↗

U.S. Senator — Louisiana

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Bill Hagerty ↗

U.S. Senator — Tennessee

Personal freedom50/100Range 35–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 4 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry; limits on government surveillance. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Brian Schatz ↗

U.S. Senator — Hawaii

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Catherine Cortez Masto ↗

U.S. Senator — Nevada

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Chris Coons ↗

U.S. Senator — Delaware

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Chris Murphy ↗

U.S. Senator — Connecticut

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Chris Van Hollen ↗

U.S. Senator — Maryland

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Chuck Grassley ↗

U.S. Senator — Iowa

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Chuck Schumer ↗

U.S. Senator — New York

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Cindy Hyde-Smith ↗

U.S. Senator — Mississippi

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: restrictions on reproductive or personal choices; limits on abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Colt Shelby ↗

Oil & gas industry professional; family farm owner — Franklin County, Arkansas

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: drug decriminalization or limits on punishment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: more public provision of services. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Cory Booker ↗

U.S. Senator — New Jersey

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; limits on immigration detention and protection of lawful status. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Cynthia Lummis ↗

U.S. Senator — Wyoming

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Dan Sullivan ↗

U.S. Senator — Alaska

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Darline Graham ↗

U.S. Senator — South Carolina

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

David McCormick ↗

U.S. Senator — Pennsylvania

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Deb Fischer ↗

U.S. Senator — Nebraska

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Dick Durbin ↗

U.S. Senator — Illinois

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; limits on immigration detention and protection of lawful status. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Donald Kissick ↗

Television control room operator — Ottawa, Ohio; U.S. Navy veteran

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom60/100Range 40–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: drug decriminalization or limits on punishment; criminal-justice reform and limits on punishment; less restrictive civilian firearm ownership. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: limits on corporate subsidies; lower taxes or reduced tax authority; limits on selective corporate subsidies. Indicators of more state control: more controls on private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Drew Cranmer ↗

Co-founder & CEO, Unum Church Management Software; data engineer — Wichita, Kansas

Personal freedom60/100Range 35–75
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: limits on government surveillance; limits on surveillance and protection of private records; drug decriminalization or limits on punishment. Indicators of more state control: restrictions on reproductive or personal choices. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Ed Markey ↗

U.S. Senator — Massachusetts

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; limits on surveillance and protection of private records. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage; state-directed industrial investment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Elissa Slotkin ↗

U.S. Senator — Michigan

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Elizabeth Warren ↗

U.S. Senator — Massachusetts

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage; higher taxes on wealthy households. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗
  • Her tax-policy speech advocates taxing high wealth to fund expanded public services.
    Primary record ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Eric Mulder ↗

Secretary, Libertarian Party of Arapahoe County — Aurora, Colorado

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: limits on government surveillance; personal and reproductive autonomy. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Eric Schmitt ↗

U.S. Senator — Missouri

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Gary Peters ↗

U.S. Senator — Michigan

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian4 articles

Gavin Newsom ↗

Governor — California

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 4 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: protection for abortion access and patient privacy. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive housing zoning. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist4 articles

Gretchen Whitmer ↗

Governor — Michigan

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 4 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of abortion restrictions. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: lower retirement taxes and larger working-family credit. Indicators of more state control: state financing of industrial projects. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Griselda Romero ↗

Licensed professional counselor, crisis mental health — Lisle, Illinois

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: immigrant and refugee protections. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: more controls on private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Jack Reed ↗

U.S. Senator — Rhode Island

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Jacky Rosen ↗

U.S. Senator — Nevada

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage; trade restrictions or tariffs. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

James Lankford ↗

U.S. Senator — Oklahoma

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Authoritarian3 articles

JD Vance ↗

Vice President of the United States

Personal freedom15/100Range 15–75
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 3 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: tighter immigration enforcement. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: trade restrictions or tariffs. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Jeanne Shaheen ↗

U.S. Senator — New Hampshire

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: freer trade. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Jeff Merkley ↗

U.S. Senator — Oregon

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Jerry Moran ↗

U.S. Senator — Kansas

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Jim Banks ↗

U.S. Senator — Indiana

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Jim Justice ↗

U.S. Senator — West Virginia

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Jim Risch ↗

U.S. Senator — Idaho

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

John Barrasso ↗

U.S. Senator — Wyoming

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

John Boozman ↗

U.S. Senator — Arkansas

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

John Cornyn ↗

U.S. Senator — Texas

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

John Curtis ↗

U.S. Senator — Utah

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

John Fetterman ↗

U.S. Senator — Pennsylvania

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

John Hickenlooper ↗

U.S. Senator — Colorado

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less regulation of private enterprise. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

John Hoeven ↗

U.S. Senator — North Dakota

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

John Kennedy ↗

U.S. Senator — Louisiana

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

John Thune ↗

U.S. Senator — South Dakota

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Jon Husted ↗

U.S. Senator — Ohio

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Jon Ossoff ↗

U.S. Senator — Georgia

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Joni Ernst ↗

U.S. Senator — Iowa

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; limits on abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Josh Hawley ↗

U.S. Senator — Missouri

Personal freedom15/100Range 15–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: tighter restrictions on medication abortion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian4 articles

Josh Shapiro ↗

Governor — Pennsylvania

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom60/100Range 40–75
Read all 4 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: protection for access to reproductive care. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • His office documents joining the Reproductive Freedom Alliance and retaining protections for patients arriving from other states.
    Primary record ↗

Economic freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: reduced corporate tax rates; less regulation of private enterprise. Indicators of more state control: expanded public education investment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Justin Filip ↗

Secretary, Pacific Green Party; co-chair, Eugene chapter — Oregon

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: reproductive autonomy and equal marriage rights; criminal-justice reform and limits on punishment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: state-directed industrial investment; more public provision of services. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal2 articles

Kamala Harris ↗

Former Vice President of the United States

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 2 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: reproductive and marriage autonomy. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Her published remarks defend reproductive freedom and same-sex marriage. This is a dated statement, not a new campaign platform.
    Primary record · 2023-08-13 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: more public provision of services; state-directed industrial investment. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Katie Britt ↗

U.S. Senator — Alabama

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Ken Krawchuk ↗

Founder & President, Amendment 16 Ltd.; IT consultant & business architect — Abington, Pennsylvania

Personal freedom70/100Range 30–80
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: drug decriminalization or limits on punishment; personal and reproductive autonomy. Indicators of more state control: more punitive criminal penalties. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority; more private provision or choice. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Kevin Cramer ↗

U.S. Senator — North Dakota

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Kirsten Gillibrand ↗

U.S. Senator — New York

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: freer trade. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Kyle Austin ↗

Pharmacist & founder, Pharm406 — Billings, Montana; farmer

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Lisa Blunt Rochester ↗

U.S. Senator — Delaware

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; personal and reproductive autonomy; reproductive autonomy and equal marriage rights. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public provision and social insurance. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Lisa Murkowski ↗

U.S. Senator — Alaska

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Maggie Hassan ↗

U.S. Senator — New Hampshire

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed2 articles

Marco Rubio ↗

Secretary of State — United States

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 2 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Maria Cantwell ↗

U.S. Senator — Washington

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Mark Kelly ↗

U.S. Senator — Arizona

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Mark Warner ↗

U.S. Senator — Virginia

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Marsha Blackburn ↗

U.S. Senator — Tennessee

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Martin Heinrich ↗

U.S. Senator — New Mexico

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Mazie Hirono ↗

U.S. Senator — Hawaii

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; reproductive autonomy and equal marriage rights; personal and reproductive autonomy. Indicators of more state control: restrictions on civilian firearm ownership. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Melat Kiros ↗

U.S. Representative — Colorado’s 1st District; Denver. Democratic nominee, November 2026 general election

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: limits on immigration detention and protection of lawful status. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: more controls on private enterprise; more public provision of services. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Michael Bennet ↗

U.S. Senator — Colorado

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: freer trade. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Mike Crapo ↗

U.S. Senator — Idaho

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Mike Feinstein ↗

Former Mayor — Santa Monica, California (2000–2002)

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Mike Lee ↗

U.S. Senator — Utah

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion; less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Mike Rounds ↗

U.S. Senator — South Dakota

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Mitch McConnell ↗

U.S. Senator — Kentucky

Personal freedom15/100Range 15–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Nicholas Gluba ↗

City Council Member — Lone Tree, Iowa; term through 2029

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: limits on government surveillance; personal and reproductive autonomy. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Pat Dixon ↗

Owner & President, Dixon Process Automation Services; professional engineer — Lago Vista, Texas

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: limits on government surveillance. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: limits on corporate subsidies. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Patty Murray ↗

U.S. Senator — Washington

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; personal and reproductive autonomy. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Pete Buttigieg ↗

Former U.S. Secretary of Transportation

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Pete Ricketts ↗

U.S. Senator — Nebraska

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Peter Welch ↗

U.S. Senator — Vermont

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Rand Paul ↗

U.S. Senator — Kentucky

Personal freedom15/100Range 15–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: restrictions on abortion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • His official issues page supports conception-based protection and documents sponsorship of bills restricting abortion.
    Primary record ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the REINS Act, requiring congressional approval for major agency rules while exempting deregulation.
    Primary record · 2025-02-06 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Raphael Warnock ↗

U.S. Senator — Georgia

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Richard Blumenthal ↗

U.S. Senator — Connecticut

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; personal and reproductive autonomy; reproductive autonomy and equal marriage rights. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Rick Scott ↗

U.S. Senator — Florida

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Robert Gross ↗

Community advocate — Washington, D.C.; D.C. Statehood Green Party mayoral nominee

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Roger Marshall ↗

U.S. Senator — Kansas

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Roger Wicker ↗

U.S. Senator — Mississippi

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative5 articles

Ron DeSantis ↗

Governor — Florida

Personal freedom15/100Range 15–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 5 articles ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: restrictions on speech or teaching. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: more private provision or choice. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Ron Johnson ↗

U.S. Senator — Wisconsin

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Ron Wyden ↗

U.S. Senator — Oregon

Personal freedom85/100Range 35–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access; limits on government surveillance. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Ruben Gallego ↗

U.S. Senator — Arizona

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Seth Bodnar ↗

Former President, University of Montana — Missoula, Montana

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Shehla Faizi ↗

Founder, Creative Cookie Jar; freelance graphic designer & podcast producer — Texas

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom—
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Sheldon Whitehouse ↗

U.S. Senator — Rhode Island

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the 2025 Medicare for All proposal, replacing the current insurance structure with universal public coverage.
    Primary record · 2025-04-29 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Shelley Moore Capito ↗

U.S. Senator — West Virginia

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Steve Daines ↗

U.S. Senator — Montana

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion; less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Steven Young ↗

Attorney, corporate law — Minneapolis, Minnesota

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–60
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive peaceful immigration; limits on immigration detention and protection of lawful status. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of more state control: more controls on private enterprise; more public provision of services. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Authoritarian1 article

Susan Collins ↗

U.S. Senator — Maine

Personal freedom15/100Range 15–75
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
View evidence & limits

Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: defense of public health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Tammy Baldwin ↗

U.S. Senator — Wisconsin

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom50/100Range 25–75
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: freer trade. Indicators of more state control: single-payer public health coverage; expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Tammy Duckworth ↗

U.S. Senator — Illinois

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Ted Brown ↗

Retired independent insurance adjuster — Austin, Texas

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: limits on government surveillance; limits on surveillance and protection of private records. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Ted Budd ↗

U.S. Senator — North Carolina

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian5 articles

Ted Cruz ↗

U.S. Senator — Texas

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; less regulation of private enterprise; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Thom Tillis ↗

U.S. Senator — North Carolina

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Tim Kaine ↗

U.S. Senator — Virginia

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Tim Scott ↗

U.S. Senator — South Carolina

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; less regulation of private enterprise. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Tim Sheehy ↗

U.S. Senator — Montana

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Liberal1 article

Tina Smith ↗

U.S. Senator — Minnesota

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom15/100Range 15–75
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: federal protection for abortion access. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of more state control: expanded public financing of health coverage. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 46, making enhanced ACA premium assistance permanent. Classified as public financing of healthcare, not a general tax-rate position.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Libertarian1 article

Todd Young ↗

U.S. Senator — Indiana

Personal freedom85/100Range 25–85
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Centrist1 article

Tom Cotton ↗

U.S. Senator — Arkansas

Personal freedom50/100Range 25–75
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Conservative1 article

Tommy Tuberville ↗

U.S. Senator — Alabama

Personal freedom40/100Range 25–65
Economic freedom85/100Range 40–85
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Personal freedom · medium evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 3 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: less restrictive interstate concealed carry. Indicators of more state control: mandatory immigration detention on specified criminal charges; legal personhood from conception. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of the introduced Laken Riley Act, requiring immigration detention for specified theft-related arrests or charges, including before conviction.
    Primary record · 2025-01-06 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 3667, extending constitutional personhood protections to prenatal life. Interpreted here as restricting abortion autonomy.
    Primary record · 2026-01-15 ↗
  • Named sponsor or cosponsor of S. 65, allowing eligible concealed-carry holders to carry in other states that permit concealed carry, subject to specified conditions.
    Primary record · 2025-01-09 ↗

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 2 policy areas. Indicators of less state control: repeal of estate and generation-skipping taxes; congressional approval before major regulatory expansion. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

Evidence needed1 article

Tony Dastra ↗

Municipal government staff — Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Personal freedom—
Economic freedom85/100Range 25–85
Read all 1 article ↗Explore long-term governance ↗
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Personal freedom · low evidence confidence

No sufficiently clear, attributable policy statement matched the published indicators for this axis. Missing evidence is not treated as a centrist position.

Economic freedom · low evidence confidence

The cited evidence covers 1 policy area. Indicators of less state control: lower taxes or reduced tax authority. Each area has equal weight; repeated mentions do not increase its weight. Uncovered areas widen the uncertainty range. This is a limited policy sample from the series and reviewed primary records, not a complete policy rating.

Calculated Oct 10, 2026 · Method

READING THE MAP

Two axes. A visible method.

Personal freedom ↖

Higher scores indicate less state control over speech, privacy, personal choices, due process, peaceful movement and civilian firearm ownership.

Economic freedom ↗

Higher scores indicate less state control over enterprise, trade, taxation, property and the provision of goods and services.

Evidence, with limits

Estimates combine attributable statements in this series with reviewed primary records, including specific bill sponsorships. Each covered policy area votes +1 for less state control, −1 for more, or 0 for conflicting evidence. The score is 50 plus 35 times the mean, rounded to five points. Uncovered axes remain unscored; no party defaults are used.

Updated with the series

New people and articles enter the same live roster used by the filters. Article indicators recalculate on each visit. Primary-source additions were reviewed September 22, 2026; their dated policy actions remain visible in the evidence. New profiles need a full name in the series headline; later articles with an unambiguous surname join the same collection. Current roles require separate verification.

These are interpretive estimates, not candidate-completed quiz results or measurements of a whole political philosophy. Matched passages, primary-source summaries and coverage confidence accompany each person. Ranges show how unexamined policy areas could change the estimate; they are sensitivity bounds, not statistical confidence intervals. A regional label is a chart location, not an identity or endorsement. Every person has a unique display position, with leader lines for overlapping scores. A grey marker in the evidence-needed area does not assign an ideology. Phrase matching can miss nuance; low confidence means fewer than three matched policy areas, and medium means three or more. Comparison articles stay linked to everyone featured; their shared policy lists are excluded from automated scoring. The chart uses no party-based scores. The Nolan model’s freedom axes reflect a particular way of comparing politics. About the Nolan-chart model ↗